Results from Portugal's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth.

Background: The purpose of this study is to update results of Portuguese's Report Card on Physical activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents. Methods: The grades were assigned by results derived from the PA and Fitness in Portugal 2021 Portuguese Report Card and corresponds to the third report for the Portuguese children and adolescents. It includes indicators of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) that are common to the GLOBAL matrix 4.0: Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Environment, Government and Physical Fitness. The search focused on published national evidence/data sources (academia, NGO, governmental) from end 2018 onwards excluding data obtained during the covid-19 pandemic. Results: The grades were assigned as follows: Overall PA (D-), Organized Sport Participation (C-), Active Play (D+), Active Transportation (D-), Sedentary behaviors (C+), Physical Fitness (C), Family and Peers (B), School (A), Community and Environment (B), and Government (B). Conclusion: In line with previous Portuguese Report Cards, a large proportion of Portuguese children and adolescents are not sufficiently active nor fit enough setting urgency for effective strategies. Particular attention should be given to Active play, Active transport and Organized Sports Participation has their grades have decreased. Some actions in selected indicators as Governmental and policy seems promising however results weren't seen yet. Despite the strong support of schools with mandatory curricula in PE no correspondent change is observed in fitness or PA, so more research is needed to find why.

Outcomes of tracheostomies performed in COVID-19 positive patients at Hospital Central del Estado Chihuahua, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: Provide a description of clinical characteristics, associated factors and outcome of tracheostomies performed in COVID-19 patients. METHOD: Observational prospective study of 14 patients who underwent tracheostomy. 10 of them were diagnosed with COVID 19, confirmed with RT-PCR test of nasopharyngeal exudate and compatible tomographic findings. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients, five were discharged and five died. The average age of patients who died was 66.6 years; of those who were discharged, it was 60.4 years. Ventilatory parameters cut was taken as FiO2 ≤ 40% and PEEP ≤ 8; of the patients discharged, four met both criteria. On the other hand, of the patients who died, neither met both. Of the latter, an average of APACHE II of 16.4 and SOFA 7.4 were documented, while in discharged patients an average of 12.6 and 4.6 were observed, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy performed in patients with specific criteria, such as low ventilatory parameters, age, or low score in severity scales, may have a better prognosis.

OBJETIVO: Realizar una descripción de las características clínicas, los factores asociados y el desenlace de las traqueostomías realizadas en pacientes con COVID-19. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 14 pacientes a quienes se realizó traqueostomía. Diez de ellos se encontraban diagnosticados con COVID-19, confirmada con prueba RT-PCR de exudado nasofaríngeo y hallazgos tomográficos compatibles. RESULTADOS: De los 10 pacientes, cinco fueron dados de alta y cinco fallecieron. La edad promedio de los pacientes que fallecieron fue de 66.6 años, y la de los que fueron dados de alta fue de 60.4 años. De los parámetros ventilatorios, se tomó como corte una FiO2 ≤ 40% y una PEEP ≤ 8; entre los pacientes dados de alta, cuatro cumplían con ambos criterios. En cambio, de los pacientes que fallecieron, ninguno los cumplió. En estos últimos se documentó un promedio de APACHE II de 16.4 y un SOFA de 7.4, mientras que en los pacientes dados de alta se observó un promedio de 12.6 y 4.6, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La traqueostomía realizada en pacientes con criterios específicos, como parámetros ventilatorios bajos, edad o puntuación baja en las escalas de gravedad, pueden llegar a tener mejor pronóstico.

How to dissect viral infections and their interplay with the host-proteome by immunoaffinity and mass spectrometry: A tutorial

[Display omitted] • Immunohistochemistry with magnetic core nanoparticles to isolate viruses. • The use of MALDI-MS for rapid virus detection is explained in detail. • The use of ESI-MS/MS to pinpoint host-patient crosstalk is explained in detail. • The absolute quantitative MS is explained for large-scale protein quantitation. The capabilities of bioanalytical mass spectrometry to (i) detect and differentiate viruses at the peptide level whilst maintaining high sample throughput and (ii) to provide diagnosis and prognosis for infected patients are presented as a tutorial in this work to aid analytical chemists and physicians to gain insights into the possibilities offered by current high-resolution mass spectrometry technology and bioinformatics. From (i) sampling to sample treatment;(ii) Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization- to Electrospray Ionization -based mass spectrometry;and (iii) from clustering to peptide sequencing;a detailed step-by-step guide is provided and exemplified using SARS-CoV-2 Spike Y839 variant and the variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7 lineage), Influenza B, and Influenza A subtypes AH1N1pdm09 and AH3N2. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal imprinting of alveolar macrophages via neutrophil-derived 12-HETE.

Resident-tissue macrophages (RTMs) arise from embryonic precursors1,2, yet the developmental signals that shape their longevity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate in mice genetically deficient in 12-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15-/- mice) that neonatal neutrophil-derived 12-HETE is required for self-renewal and maintenance of alveolar macrophages (AMs) during lung development. Although the seeding and differentiation of AM progenitors remained intact, the absence of 12-HETE led to a significant reduction in AMs in adult lungs and enhanced senescence owing to increased prostaglandin E2 production. A compromised AM compartment resulted in increased susceptibility to acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide and to pulmonary infections with influenza A virus or SARS-CoV-2. Our results highlight the complexity of prenatal RTM programming and reveal their dependency on in trans eicosanoid production by neutrophils for lifelong self-renewal.

Factors Associated to Decrease in Quality of Life After Mild-Moderate COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Post-COVID-19 alterations have been recognized even after mild disease. We aimed to assess which factors are the main contributors to a decrease in quality of life(QOL) of patients with different times elapsed from the COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. A cross-sectional study from January 2021 to April 2021 in a Referral Center in Mexico City. Patients were invited for a follow-up visit in which a structured questionnaire about symptoms, the EQ-5D-5L QOL for QOL, and an objective olfactory evaluation with The Sniffin' Sticks Screening 12 test. Results. We included 179 patients, 64% were female with a median age of 33 years. The median time since COVID-19 diagnosis until the evaluation was 219 days (IQR, 94-255). Persistent symptoms were present up to in 158/179 (88%), fatigue, pain/discomfort and cognitive alterations were present in 61%, the median EQ-5D-5L index value preCOVID-19 was 1 (IQR, 0.94-1) and post- COVID-19 was 0.87 (IQR, 0.80-0.94), P< 0.001. There were 101/179 (56%) patients with decreased QOL;In the multivariate analysis, post-COVID-19 pain (aOR, 2.5;P= 0.01), anxiety (aOR, 13;P= 0.03), and the persistence of three or more symptoms (aOR, 2.6;P= 0.05) were factors associated with decreased QOL. Conclusion. Within the post- COVID-19 alterations, psychological and physical factors such as Pain/discomfort, anxiety, and persistent symptoms explained the decreased QOL in the post-COVID-19 patient. These alterations were present as early as 30 days to more than eight months.

"How to dissect viral infections and their interplay with the host-proteome by immunoaffinity and mass spectrometry: A tutorial.”

The capabilities of bioanalytical mass spectrometry to (i) detect and differentiate viruses at the peptide level whilst maintaining high sample throughput and (ii) to provide diagnosis and prognosis for infected patients are presented as a tutorial in this work to aid analytical chemists and physicians to gain insights into the possibilities offered by current high-resolution mass spectrometry technology and bioinformatics. From (i) sampling to sample treatment;(ii) Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization- to Electrospray Ionization -based mass spectrometry;and (iii) from clustering to peptide sequencing;a detailed step-by-step guide is provided and exemplified using SARS-CoV-2 Spike Y839 variant and the variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7 lineage), Influenza B, and Influenza A subtypes AH1N1pdm09 and AH3N2.

Genetic ancestry effects on the response to viral infection are pervasive but cell type specific.

Humans differ in their susceptibility to infectious disease, partly owing to variation in the immune response after infection. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to quantify variation in the response to influenza infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from European- and African-ancestry males. Genetic ancestry effects are common but highly cell type specific. Higher levels of European ancestry are associated with increased type I interferon pathway activity in early infection, which predicts reduced viral titers at later time points. Substantial population-associated variation is explained by cis-expression quantitative trait loci that are differentiated by genetic ancestry. Furthermore, genetic ancestry­associated genes are enriched among genes correlated with COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting that the early immune response contributes to ancestry-associated differences for multiple viral infection outcomes.

CT findings in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 and clinical usefulness of a CT scoring system.

BACKGROUND: Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been diagnosed with computed tomography (CT). A prognostic tool based on CT findings could be useful for predicting death from COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To compare the chest CT findings of patients who survived COVID-19 versus those of patients who died of COVID-19 and to determine the usefulness the clinical usefulness of a CT scoring system for COVID-19. METHODS: We included 124 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections who were hospitalized between April 1, 2020 and July 25, 2020. RESULTS: Whereas ground-glass opacities were the most common characteristic finding in survivors (75%), crazy paving was the most characteristic finding in non-survivors (65%). Atypical findings were present in 46% of patients. The chest CT score was directly proportional to mortality; a score ≥18 was the best cutoff for predicting death, yielding 70% sensitivity (95%CI: 47%-87%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that atypical lesions are more prevalent in this cohort. The chest CT score had high sensitivity for predicting hospital mortality.

CT findings in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 and clinical usefulness of a CT scoring system☆ Hallazgos tomográficos entre sobrevivientes y no-sobrevivientes con COVID-19 y utilidad clínica de una puntuación de tomografía torácica

Background Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been diagnosed with computed tomography (CT). A prognostic tool based on CT findings could be useful for predicting death from COVID-19. Objectives To compare the chest CT findings of patients who survived COVID-19 versus those of patients who died of COVID-19 and to determine the usefulness the clinical usefulness of a CT scoring system for COVID-19. Methods We included 124 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections who were hospitalized between April 1, 2020 and July 25, 2020. Results Whereas ground-glass opacities were the most common characteristic finding in survivors (75%), crazy paving was the most characteristic finding in non-survivors (65%). Atypical findings were present in 46% of patients. The chest CT score was directly proportional to mortality;a score ≥18 was the best cutoff for predicting death, yielding 70% sensitivity (95%CI: 47%–87%). Conclusions Our results suggest that atypical lesions are more prevalent in this cohort. The chest CT score had high sensitivity for predicting hospital mortality.

Longitudinal Patterns of Food Procurement Over the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Canadian Online Household Survey.

Introduction: Consumer food procurement during the COVID-19 pandemic has been understudied. This investigation aimed to longitudinally evaluate food procurement patterns, concern of virus exposure in grocery retailers, and food access challenges over the pandemic among a sample of households in Quebec, Canada. Methods: Online surveys were collected at three time points of the pandemic: first wave in spring 2020 (lockdown period), summer 2020 (deconfinement period), and second wave in winter 2021 (curfew period). Respondents were the household's primary grocery shopper (n = 491). Non-parametric tests and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to compare responses over time and to evaluate characteristics of respondents who regularly used no-contact grocery methods (store pick-up or home delivery). Results: Frequency of in-store grocery shopping was lowest during the lockdown (once per week or less), and significantly increased over time to resemble pre-pandemic frequency. Concern of virus exposure in grocery retailers and disinfection/discarding of food packaging was highest during the lockdown, but significantly decreased over time. At all time points, use of public transit, walking or cycling for grocery shopping was associated with regular use of no-contact grocery methods (curfew odds ratio (OR): 3.13 (95% confidence interval 1.60, 6.14). Age (60 years+) was associated with regular use during the lockdown [OR: 2.27 (1.13, 4.59)]. Conclusion: Among our sample, frequency of in-store grocery shopping was lowest and concern of virus exposure in stores was highest during the lockdown period. No-contact grocery use was associated with transportation mode and potentially with personal risk perception (age).

[CT findings in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 and clinical usefulness of a CT scoring system]. / Hallazgos tomográficos entre sobrevivientes y no-sobrevivientes con COVID-19 y utilidad clínica de una puntuación de tomografía torácica.

Background: Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been diagnosed with computed tomography (CT). A prognostic tool based on CT findings could be useful for predicting death from COVID-19. Objectives: To compare the chest CT findings of patients who survived COVID-19 versus those of patients who died of COVID-19 and to determine the usefulness the clinical usefulness of a CT scoring system for COVID-19. Methods: We included 124 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections who were hospitalized between April 1, 2020 and July 25, 2020. Results: Whereas ground-glass opacities were the most common characteristic finding in survivors (75%), crazy paving was the most characteristic finding in non-survivors (65%). Atypical findings were present in 46% of patients. The chest CT score was directly proportional to mortality; a score ≥ 18 was the best cutoff for predicting death, yielding 70% sensitivity (95%CI: 47%-87%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that atypical lesions are more prevalent in this cohort. The chest CT score had high sensitivity for predicting hospital mortality.

COVID-19: Generalities and kidney disease. Review article

Introduction: COVID-19 infection is the current pandemic that is lurking in the world, knowing its behavior is essential to face it in the most effective way. The objective of this study is to carry out a literature review Material and methods: an exhaustive search of the COVID-19 topic is made from its pathophysiology, replication, through its clinical picture, treatment and prognosis. Similarly, the renal behavior associated with this infection is addressed. Results: after SARS in 2002 and MERS in 2012, there is previous experience with coronaviruses in all areas, knowing that this can and will surely have its peculiarities. A review is shown regarding the topic and also its behavior in kidney diseases Conclusions: there is still a lot to know about the current pandemic, but the experience generated in previous ones by coronavirus should help us to understand a bit the current one. © 2021 Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao. All rights reserved.

Blockchain as a Service: A Holistic Approach to Traceability in the Circular Economy

Today blockchain technology provides us with a formidable tool in the struggle to trace economic resources, especially in the context of the circular economy. The circular economy has been proposed as a key element in the transformation of production models in the context of European post–covid-19 recovery plans with particular reference to the Next Generation EU instrument. It is also a fundamental part of the European Green Deal. All of which comes under the umbrella of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. The circular economy lays the foundations for the promotion of a new production and consumption model in which the value of products, materials, and resources remains within the economy for as long as possible, minimizing the generation of waste. This gives rise to a series of processes in which resource traceability is a key factor in preserving process integrity and guaranteeing process authenticity to the State, citizens, and companies. In this context, blockchain technology can provide solutions that are aligned with the 2030 Agenda. This technology facilitates the procedures and processes of logistics and of IoT sensor records via smart contracts through intrinsic properties that include timeproof sealing and data record immutability. In the present chapter, we describe the technological advantages that blockchain technology offers the circular economy. Sustainability is the cornerstone of blockchain models within the framework of the 2030 Agenda, so energy pollution in transactions or mining should be avoided. If we are able to overcome current environmental deterrents, distributed ledger technologies should represent a powerful tool in circular economy projects. In this chapter, we would hope to contribute to the debate on future paths towards sustainability. Specifically, we will describe how Blockchain as a Service-based traceability platform could be introduced into the circular economy while guaranteeing their straightforward but highly effective deployment in, for instance, the agrifood sector, at only minimal cost to SMEs. The underlying idea is based on finding blockchain solutions aligned with Sustainable Development Goals in order to ensure that the principal objectives and philosophy of the circular economy are upheld. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Fundamentals of Blockchain and New Generations of Distributed Ledger Technologies. Circular Economy Case Uses in Spain

The evolution of Distributed Ledger Technologies since the first blockchain constitutes an opportunity for digital transformation in many social and economic contexts. This transformation will become even more intense in the post–covid-19 economic scenario. One of the most significant changes in the transformation consumers have undergone in their perception of the environment and of the sustainability of our societies. The circular economy is an agent of change that helps minimize humankind’s impact on the planet. And this change must be aligned with the sustainable development goals of the 2030 Agenda. Since its inception, blockchain technology has represented an opportunity for transparency, immutability, and persistence in the processes in which it intervenes, allowing it to be incorporated into easily traceable, disintermediated networks. By implication, this suggests we can move towards a verifiable, reliable, circular economy. In this chapter we cover the fundamentals of blockchain technology including its history, the elements that define distributed ledger technologies, and how they have evolved into their most recent forms—e.g., Hashgraph, Direct Acyclic Graphs, Holochain or Neural Distributed Ledgers—which represent scalable, efficient, innovative solutions aligned with sustainability goals and facilitating the efficient, sustainable management of circular economy projects. Finally, drawing on striking use cases in Spain, we describe the use of blockchain technology in circular economy projects, and its operating status, as examples of ideas for the future development of models that may reach the market. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A case report

Introduction: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is usually considered a monophasic disease. Postvaccination ADEM has been associated with several vaccines, however there is scarce information related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We report the case of a 26-year-old female who suffered from ADEM four weeks after Gam-COVID-Vac administration. Method: Case report. Result: A 26-year-old female was admitted after 10 days of temporal spatial disorientation, inappropriate behavior and headache. She reported no upper respiratory infection or diarrhea and she has no significant medical history. Four weeks prior admission she received a first dose of Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine (human adenovirus viral vector). Neurological examination showed failure cognitive function in attention, deferred memory, orientation, visuospatial and language. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 12/30. Also right upper limb weakness and gait ataxia was noted. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging showed widespread abnormal signals on FLAIR images with ring enhancement pattern. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid was normal and oligoclonal bands were positive. Anti-aquaporin-4 and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein were negative, also infectious diseases were ruled out. ADEM was suspected and she was treated with intravenous Methylprednisolone with partial recovery. MoCA at 30 days was 24/30. A brain biopsy confirmed a perivascular demyelination and reactive astrocytosis. Conclusion: Our patient met the ADEM diagnostic criteria set by the International Pediatric MS Study Group and alternative diagnoses were excluded. Although a plausible relationship was not demonstrated, the possibility of an association with vaccine is suspected.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Chile: A Nationwide Incidence and Cohort Study.

Rationale: The role of and needs for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at a population level during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have not been completely established. Objectives: To identify the cumulative incidence of ECMO use in the first pandemic wave and to describe the Nationwide Chilean cohort of ECMO-supported patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a population-based study from March 3 to August 31, 2020, using linked data from national agencies. The cumulative incidence of ECMO use and mortality risk of ECMO-supported patients were calculated and age standardized. In addition, a retrospective cohort analysis was performed. Outcomes were 90-day mortality after ECMO initiation, ECMO-associated complications, and hospital length of stay. Cox regression models were used to explore risk factors for mortality in a time-to-event analysis. Measurements and Main Results: Ninety-four patients with COVID-19 were supported with ECMO (0.42 per population of 100,000, 14.89 per 100,000 positive cases, and 1.2% of intubated patients with COVID-19); 85 were included in the cohort analysis, and the median age was 48 (interquartile range [IQR], 41-55) years, 83.5% were men, and 42.4% had obesity. The median number of pre-ECMO intubation days was 4 (IQR, 2-7), the median PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 86.8 (IQR, 64-99) mm Hg, 91.8% of patients were prone positioned, and 14 patients had refractory respiratory acidosis. Main complications were infections (70.6%), bleeding (38.8%), and thromboembolism (22.4%); 52 patients were discharged home, and 33 died. The hospital length of stay was a median of 50 (IQR, 24-69) days. Lower respiratory system compliance and higher driving pressure before ECMO initiation were associated with increased mortality. A duration of pre-ECMO intubation ≥10 days was not associated with mortality. Conclusions: Documenting nationwide ECMO needs may help in planning ECMO provision for future COVID-19 pandemic waves. The 90-day mortality of the Chilean cohort of ECMO-supported patients with COVID-19 (38.8%) is comparable to that of previous reports.